Understanding group stages
Understanding the stages a group may go through can be useful for education facilitators. All groups go through phases, which can be simply summarised as a beginning, middle and end.
Beginning phase
In the beginning phase, effective facilitation requires the ability to establish trust, because if this does not occur the program may be less beneficial. Using introductions and icebreakers will help soothe people’s nerves, make clear what the carers have in common and immediately help establish group cohesion.
Setting up boundaries for carers to help them feel secure, by going through the 'rules' associated with the education program and the purpose of the program is an important part of establishing trust. Simple things, such as keeping to time, create a sense of structure to the program that will also build trust and cohesion between carers.
Middle phase
In the middle phase, carers are starting to feel comfortable in sharing their feelings and in providing mutual aid. Effective facilitation will mean being skilful in helping carers to express their concerns. Facilitators can help carers share their experiences by avoiding giving direct advice, giving each person an opportunity to share without allowing them to monopolise the group, and keeping the group focused on problem-solving rather than assigning blame.
Facilitators can maintain momentum by ensuring the program is keeping on task in working towards the purpose of educating carers.
Ending phase
In the ending phase, facilitators require skills to bring the education program to a close in a sensitive way. Many carers may be experiencing stress, and being aware and addressing this vulnerability is an important part of facilitating the program. Facilitators should be aware of available services and resources so that they can refer carers who require or request continuous support or additional counselling.
Finally, obtaining feedback from carers at the end of the program might be difficult, but it can result in a richer learning experience, especially if carers are honest about what did and did not work for them.
